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Title:  Ten Years Later

Author:  Alexandre Dumas, Pere

June, 2001  [Etext #2681]

Project Gutenberg Etext Ten Years Later, by Alexandre Dumas, Pere
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As you may be aware, Project Gutenberg has been involved with
the writings of both the Alexandre Dumases for some time now,
and since we get a few questions about the order in which the
books should be read, and in which they were published, these
following comments should hopefully help most of our readers.

***

The Vicomte de Bragelonne is the final volume of D'Artagnan Romances:
it is usually split into three or four parts, and the final portion
is entitled The Man in the Iron Mask.  The Man in the Iron Mask we're
familiar with today is the last volume of the four-volume edition.
[Not all the editions split them in the same manner, hence some of
the confusion. . .but wait. . .there's yet more reason for confusion.]

We intend to do ALL of The Vicomte de Bragelonne, split into four the 
texts entitled The Vicomte de Bragelonne, Ten Years Later, Louise de la 
Valliere, and The Man in the Iron Mask; you WILL be getting The Man in 
the Iron Mask.

One thing that may be causing confusion is that the etext we have now,
entitled Ten Years Later, says it's the sequel to The Three Musketeers.
While this is technically true, there's another book, Twenty Years After,
that comes between.  The confusion is generated by the two facts that we 
published Ten Years Later BEFORE we published Twenty Years After, and
that many people see those titles as meaning Ten and Twenty Years "After" 
the original story. . .however, this is why the different words "After" 
and "Later". . .the Ten Years "After" is ten years after the Twenty Years 
later. . .as per history.  Also, the third book of the D'Artagnan 
Romances, while entitled The Vicomte de Bragelonne, has the subtitle Ten 
Years Later.  These two titles are also given to different volumes: The 
Vicomte de Bragelonne can refer to the whole book, or the first volume of 
the three or four-volume editions.  Ten Years Later can, similarly, refer 
to the whole book, or the second volume of the four-volume edition.  To 
add to the confusion, in the case of our etexts, it refers to the first 
104 chapters of the whole book, covering material in the first and second 
etexts in the new series.  Here is a guide to the series which may prove 
helpful:

The Three Musketeers: Etext 1257 - First book of the D'Artagnan Romances.
Covers the years 1625-1628.

Twenty Years After: Etext 1259 - Second book of the D'Artagnan Romances.
Covers the years 1648-1649.
[Third in the order that we published, but second in time sequence!!!]

Ten Years Later: Etext 1258 - First 104 chapters of the third book of the
D'Artagnan Romances.
Covers the years 1660-1661.

The Vicomte de Bragelonne: Etext 2609 (first in the new series) - First 
75 chapters of the third book of the D'Artagnan Romances.
Covers the year 1660.

Ten Years Later: Etext 2681 (our new etext) - Chapters 76-140 of that 
third book of the D'Artagnan Romances. 
Covers the years 1660-1661.
[In this particular editing of it]

Louise de la Valliere: forthcoming (our next etext) - Chapters 141-208 of 
the third book of the D'Artagnan Romances.
Covers the year 1661.

The Man in the Iron Mask: forthcoming (following) - Chapters 209-269 of
the third book of the D'Artagnan Romances.
Covers the years 1661-1673.

If we've calculated correctly, that fourth text SHOULD correspond to the
modern editions of The Man in the Iron Mask, which is still widely
circulated, and comprises about the last 1/4 of The Vicomte de Bragelonne.

Here is a list of the other Dumas Etexts we have published so far:

Sep 1999 La Tulipe Noire, by Alexandre Dumas[Pere#6/French][tlpnrxxx.xxx]1910
This is an abridged edition in French, also see our full length English Etext
Jul 1997 The Black Tulip, by Alexandre Dumas[Pere][Dumas#1][tbtlpxxx.xxx] 965
Jan 1998 The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas[Pere][crstoxxx.xxx]1184


Many thanks to Dr. David Coward, whose editions of the D'Artagnan 
Romances have proved an invaluable source of information.

Introduction:
In the months of March-July in 1844, in the magazine Le Siecle, the first 
portion of a story appeared, penned by the celebrated playwright 
Alexandre Dumas.  It was based, he claimed, on some manuscripts he had 
found a year earlier in the Bibliotheque Nationale while researching a 
history he planned to write on Louis XIV.  They chronicled the adventures 
of a young man named D'Artagnan who, upon entering Paris, became almost 
immediately embroiled in court intrigues, international politics, and 
ill-fated affairs between royal lovers.  Over the next six years, readers 
would enjoy the adventures of this youth and his three famous friends, 
Porthos, Athos, and Aramis, as their exploits unraveled behind the scenes 
of some of the most momentous events in French and even English history.

Eventually these serialized adventures were published in novel form, and 
became the three D'Artagnan Romances known today.  Here is a brief 
summary of the first two novels:

The Three Musketeers (serialized March � July, 1844): The year is 1625.  
The young D'Artagnan arrives in Paris at the tender age of 18, and almost 
immediately offends three musketeers, Porthos, Aramis, and Athos.  
Instead of dueling, the four are attacked by five of the Cardinal's 
guards, and the courage of the youth is made apparent during the battle.  
The four become fast friends, and, when asked by D'Artagnan's landlord to 
find his missing wife, embark upon an adventure that takes them across 
both France and England in order to thwart the plans of the Cardinal 
Richelieu.  Along the way, they encounter a beautiful young spy, named 
simply Milady, who will stop at nothing to disgrace Queen Anne of Austria 
before her husband, Louis XIII, and take her revenge upon the four 
friends.

Twenty Years After (serialized January � August, 1845): The year is now 
1648, twenty years since the close of the last story.  Louis XIII has 
died, as has Cardinal Richelieu, and while the crown of France may sit 
upon the head of Anne of Austria as Regent for the young Louis XIV, the 
real power resides with the Cardinal Mazarin, her secret husband.  
D'Artagnan is now a lieutenant of musketeers, and his three friends have 
retired to private life.  Athos turned out to be a nobleman, the Comte de 
la Fere, and has retired to his home with his son, Raoul de Bragelonne.  
Aramis, whose real name is D'Herblay, has followed his intention of 
shedding the musketeer's cassock for the priest's robes, and Porthos has 
married a wealthy woman, who left him her fortune upon her death.  But 
trouble is stirring in both France and England.  Cromwell menaces the 
institution of royalty itself while marching against Charles I, and at 
home the Fronde is threatening to tear France apart.  D'Artagnan brings 
his friends out of retirement to save the threatened English monarch, but 
Mordaunt, the son of Milady, who seeks to avenge his mother's death at 
the musketeers' hands, thwarts their valiant efforts.  Undaunted, our 
heroes return to France just in time to help save the young Louis XIV, 
quiet the Fronde, and tweak the nose of Cardinal Mazarin.

The third novel, The Vicomte de Bragelonne (serialized October, 1847 � 
January, 1850), has enjoyed a strange history in its English 
translation.  It has been split into three, four, or five volumes at 
various points in its history.  The five-volume edition generally does 
not give titles to the smaller portions, but the others do.  In the three-
volume edition, the novels are entitled The Vicomte de Bragelonne, Louise 
de la Valliere, and The Man in the Iron Mask.  For the purposes of this 
etext, I have chosen to split the novel as the four-volume edition does, 
with these titles: The Vicomte de Bragelonne, Ten Years Later, Louise de 
la Valliere, and The Man in the Iron Mask.  In the last etext:

The Vicomte de Bragelonne (Etext 2609): It is the year 1660, and 
D'Artagnan, after thirty-five years of loyal service, has become 
disgusted with serving King Louis XIV while the real power resides with 
the Cardinal Mazarin, and has tendered his resignation.  He embarks on 
his own project, that of restoring Charles II to the throne of England, 
and, with the help of Athos, succeeds, earning himself quite a fortune in 
the process.  D'Artagnan returns to Paris to live the life of a rich 
citizen, and Athos, after negotiating the marriage of Philip, the king's 
brother, to Princess Henrietta of England, likewise retires to his own 
estate, La Fere.  Meanwhile, Mazarin has finally died, and left Louis to 
assume the reigns of power, with the assistance of M. Colbert, formerly 
Mazarin's trusted clerk.  Colbert has an intense hatred for M. Fouquet, 
the king's superintendent of finances, and has resolved to use any means 
necessary to bring about his fall.  With the new rank of intendant 
bestowed on him by Louis, Colbert succeeds in having two of Fouquet's 
loyal friends tried and executed.  He then brings to the king's attention 
that Fouquet is fortifying the island of Belle-Ile-en-Mer, and could 
possibly be planning to use it as a base for some military operation 
against the king.  Louis calls D'Artagnan out of retirement and sends him 
to investigate the island, promising him a tremendous salary and his long-
promised promotion to captain of the musketeers upon his return.  At 
Belle-Isle, D'Artagnan discovers that the engineer of the fortifications 
is, in fact, Porthos, now the Baron du Vallon, and that's not all.  The 
blueprints for the island, although in Porthos's handwriting, show 
evidence of another script that has been erased, that of Aramis.  
D'Artagnan later discovers that Aramis has become the bishop of Vannes, 
which is, coincidentally, a parish belonging to M. Fouquet.  Suspecting 
that D'Artagnan has arrived on the king's behalf to investigate, Aramis 
tricks D'Artagnan into wandering around Vannes in search of Porthos, and 
sends Porthos on an heroic ride back to Paris to warn Fouquet of the 
danger.  Fouquet rushes to the king, and gives him Belle-Isle as a 
present, thus allaying any suspicion, and at the same time humiliating 
Colbert, just minutes before the usher announces someone else seeking an 
audience with the king.

And now, the second etext of The Vicomte de Bragelonne.  Enjoy!

John Bursey
Mordaunt@aol.com
June, 2000

Transcriber's note: There is one French custom that may cause confusion.  
The Duc d'Orleans is traditionally called "Monsieur" and his wife 
"Madame."  Gaston, the king's uncle, currently holds that title.  Upon 
the event of his death, it will be conferred upon the king's brother, 
Philip, who is currently the Duc d'Anjou.  The customary title of 
"Monsieur" will go to him as well, and upon his future wife, Henrietta of 
England, that of "Madame."  Gaston's widow will be referred to as the 
"Dowager Madame." - JB
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